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Jesus of
Nazareth (7–2 BC/BCE — 26–36 AD/CE),[2][3] also known as Jesus Christ, is the
central figure of Christianity and is revered by most Christian churches as the
Son of God and the incarnation of God. Islam considers Jesus a prophet, and he
is an important figure in several other religions. Judaism rejects the claim
that Jesus is the Messiah foretold in Hebrew scripture.
The principal sources of information regarding Jesus' life and teachings are the
four canonical gospels, especially the Synoptic,[4] though some scholars argue
that other texts (such as the Gospel of Thomas) are as relevant as the canonical
gospels to the historical Jesus.[5] Most critical scholars in the fields of
history and biblical studies believe that some parts of the ancient texts on
Jesus are useful for reconstructing his life,[6][7][8][9] agreeing that Jesus
was a Galilean Jew who was regarded as a teacher and healer. They also generally
accept that he was baptized by John the Baptist, and was crucified in Jerusalem
on the orders of the Roman Prefect of Judaea Pontius Pilate, on the charge of
sedition against the Roman Empire.[10][11] Aside from these few conclusions,
academic studies remain inconclusive about the chronology, the central message
of Jesus' preaching, his social class, cultural environment, and religious
orientation.[12] Scholars offer competing descriptions of Jesus as the awaited
Messiah,[13] as a self-described Messiah, as the leader of an apocalyptic
movement, as an itinerant sage, as a charismatic healer, and as the founder of
an independent religious movement.
Christian views of Jesus (see also Christology) center on the belief that Jesus
is divine, is the Messiah whose coming was prophesied in the Old Testament, and
that he was resurrected after his crucifixion. Christians predominantly believe
that Jesus is the "Son of God" (generally meaning that he is God the Son, the
second person in the Trinity), who came to provide salvation and reconciliation
with God by his death for their sins. Other Christian beliefs include Jesus'
virgin birth, performance of miracles, ascension into Heaven, and a future
Second Coming. While the doctrine of the Trinity is widely accepted by
Christians, a small minority instead hold various nontrinitarian beliefs
concerning the divinity of Jesus.[14]
In Islam, Jesus (Arabic: عيسى, commonly transliterated as Isa) is considered
one of God's important prophets,[15][16] a bringer of scripture, and a worker of
miracles. Jesus is also called "Messiah", but Islam does not teach that he was
divine. Islam denies the death and resurrection of Jesus, believing instead that
he ascended bodily to heaven.[17]
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